The stages and symptoms of the menopause

Menopause is a normal ageing event that usually occurs between 45 and 55, with 51 deemed the average age for women in the UK. In addition to this physical transition, this time is often full of other transitions. Women may be caring for ageing parents, supporting children as they move into adulthood, starting new relationships, or taking on new responsibilities at work.

Despite being a normal biological process, the physical and emotional changes experienced during menopause vary widely. Some women barely notice these changes and may even feel relieved they no longer need to worry about painful periods or getting pregnant.

For others, the menopausal transition can have a significant and negative impact on their quality of life.

Common symptoms of the menopause

• Hot flashes
• Sleep issues, including insomnia
• Night sweats
• Increased heart rate
• Mood swings, such as irritability, depression, or anxiety
• Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
• Urinary issues, like incontinence or frequent urination
• Reduced libido

The stages of the menopause

Menopause consists of three main stages: perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause. During these phases, the ovaries shrink, and the levels of hormones that regulate menstruation, such as oestrogen and progesterone, decrease. Additionally, the number of eggs in the ovaries naturally diminishes with age, reducing fertility. Transitioning through these stages typically takes seven years or more.

Knowing the stages of menopause can help you manage symptoms and recognise when to consult your GP for advice on your options.

Perimenopause or pre-menopause

Perimenopause, also known as pre-menopause, occurs three to five years before menopause. The age at which symptoms start varies, with most experiencing them in their mid to late forties, though it is rare before age 40.

In this stage, hormone levels begin to fluctuate, leading to mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles, and other symptoms. It is still possible to conceive, so using birth control is advisable.

Menopause

Menopause is defined by the absence of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months, not caused by illness, medication, or pregnancy. At this point, pregnancy is no longer possible.

The average onset age is 51, but it can occur from the mid-forties to mid-fifties.

Post-menopause

Post-menopause marks the end of reproductive years, with ovaries producing minimal hormones and menstruation ceasing.

This stage lasts for life, with some symptoms persisting for years after the last period but generally decreasing over time. However, the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis increases due to lower oestrogen levels.

Fortunately, menopausal symptoms can often be managed through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle changes. If symptoms severely impact life quality, consulting your GP is advisable. Treatment can include hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other medications to manage symptoms, enhance wellbeing and help you view this as a positive transition into a new life stage.

Call 01277 568562  or email contact@essexprivategp.com to arrange a consultation with one of our GPs who are all highly experienced in Menopause and HRT management, to discuss your individual needs.